Historical population estimates of European cities, 1500-1800, as compiled by Jan De Vries, European Urbanization, 1500-1800 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984), Appendix I.
The original tables as published in De Vries 1984 are available in data-raw/extracted, with the tidied version available in data-raw/europop.csv
With this package, I have also included a table of coordinates for each city in data-raw/city_coords.csv.